Raising the bar : for productive cities in Latin America and the Caribbean / editores: María Marta Ferreyra y Roberts Mark

En biblioteca digital

Foreword xiii -- Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- About the Authors xix -- Abbreviations xxi -- Overview 1 The Productivity of LAC Cities Is Slightly above Average but below the Global Frontier 2 -- What These Findings Might Mean for Policy 18 -- Annex OA: Productivity Measures Used in the Book to Assess LAC Cities 19 -- Annex OB: The Need for Policy 20 -- Notes 21 -- References 23 -- Part I. Urbanization and Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean 25 -- Chapter 1. Urbanization, Economic Development, and Structural Transformation 27 -- Paula Restrepo Cadavid and Grace Cineas Introduction 27 -- The Origins of Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean
Urbanization, Economic Development, and Structural Transformation: How Does the LAC Region’s Performance Stack Up? 38 -- Conclusions 42 -- Notes 43 -- References 45 -- Chapter 2. The Many Dimensions of Urbanization and the Productivity of Cities in Latin America and the Caribbean 49 -- Mark Roberts Introduction 49 -- vi Contents
Defining a Global Data Set of Urban Areas 51 -- Urban Areas in the LAC Region Are More Densely Populated Than Those Elsewhere 52 -- A Significant Share of Latin America and the Caribbean’s Urban Population Lives in Large MCAs 59 -- A Third of LAC Countries Analyzed Suffer from Potentially Excessive Primacy 62 -- Implications for National Productivity: Density and MCAs Matter, but Urban Primacy Does Not 65 -- International Benchmarking of LAC Urban Areas’ Productivity: Better Than Average, but Lagging the Global Frontier 67 -- Productivity is Highly Dispersed across LAC Urban Areas 72 -- Conclusions 75 -- Annex 2A: List of Comparator Countries for Each LAC Country 77 -- Annex 2B: Statistical Tests of Differences in Population, Area, and Population Density between LAC Countries and Their Comparators 78 -- Annex 2C: List of Multicity Agglomerations in the LAC Region 79 -- Annex 2D: Cross-Country Regression of Log(GDP per Capita) on Different Dimensions of Urbanization: Alternative Definition for a Multicity Agglomeration 81 -- Notes 81 -- References 84 -- Part II. The Determinants of City Productivity in Latin America and the Caribbean 87 -- Chapter 3. The Empirical Determinants of City Productivity 89 -- Mark Roberts Introduction 89 -- Cities Are More Productive Than Rural Areas 91 -- Large Subnational Variations in Productivity, Explained Partly by Sorting 96 -- Explaining Underlying Variations in Productivity: The Three Theories 98 -- What about Firms? Evidence from World Bank Enterprise Surveys 104 -- Conclusions 109 -- Annex 3A: Results of Regressions on the Determinants of Underlying Productivity Variations Based on the Single-Stage Approach 110 -- Notes 111 -- References 114 -- Chapter 4. Transport Infrastructure and Agglomeration in Cities 117 -- Harris Selod and Souleymane Soumahoro
Introduction 117 -- Transport, Agglomeration, and Productivity: A Brief Review 118 -- Transport in Latin America and the Caribbean: History, Current State, and Challenges 119 -- Roads and Agglomeration Economies: Evidence from Mexico 129 -- Conclusions 135 -- Notes 135 -- References 136 -- Contents vii Chapter 5. Human Capital in Cities 141 -- María Marta Ferreyra Introduction 141 -- Some Stylized Facts 143 -- Returns to Aggregate Human Capital 151 -- Attracting Skilled Individuals to Cities 156 -- Conclusions 160 -- Annex 5A: Areas Used in the Stylized Facts 161 -- Annex 5B: Percentage of Employment in Services, by Educational Attainment 162 -- Annex 5C: Probability of Working in the Service Sector for Skilled and Unskilled Workers, by Area Size 163 -- Annex 5D: Percentage of Urban Population Born Abroad 163 -- Notes 164 -- References 165 -- Chapter 6. Urban Form, Institutional Fragmentation, and Metropolitan Coordination 167 -- Nancy Lozano Gracia and Paula Restrepo Cadavid
Introduction 167 -- Urban Form and Productivity 168 -- Institutional Fragmentation, Metropolitan Coordination, and Productivity 180 -- Conclusions 187 -- Annex 6A: Seventy-Three Cities in Institutional Fragmentation and Coordination Analysis 188 -- Annex 6B: Urban Form Indicators 189 -- Annex 6C: Correlation Matrix between Urban Form Variables 190 -- Notes 190 -- References 192